Carbon Steel: Properties, Production, Examples and Applications
Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy, which contains up to 2.1 wt.% carbon. For carbon steels, there is no minimum specified content of other alloying elements, however, they often contain manganese. The maximum manganese, silicon and copper content should be less than 1.65 wt.%, 0.6 wt.% and 0.6 wt.%, respectively.
Types of carbon steel and their properties
Carbon steel can be classified into three categories according to its carbon content: low-carbon steel (or mild-carbon steel), medium-carbon steel and high-carbon steel . Their carbon content, microstructure and properties compare as follows:
| Carbon content (wt.%) | Microstructure | Properties | Examples |
|
| Low-carbon steel | < 0.25 | Ferrite, pearlite | Low hardness and cost. High ductility, toughness, machinability and weldability | AISI 304, ASTM A815, AISI 316L |
| Medium-carbon steel | 0.25 – 0.60 | Martensite | Low hardenability, medium strength, ductility and toughness | AISI 409, ASTM A29, SCM435 |
| High-carbon steel | 0.60 – 1.25 | Pearlite | High hardness, strength, low ductility | AISI 440C, EN 10088-3 |
Carbon Steel Description
Grade:
1)GB: Q195, Q215, Q235A, Q235B, Q235C, Q235D, Q255A, 255B, Q275, Q295A, Q295B, Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E, Q390A, Q390B, Q390C,Q390D, Q390E, Q420, Q420B, Q420C, Q420D, Q420E, Q460D, Q460E, Q500D, Q500E, Q550D, Q550E, Q620D, Q620E, Q690D, Q690E
2)EN: S185,S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S420NL, S460NL S500Q, S550Q, S620Q, S690Q
3)ASTM: Grade B, Grade C, Grade D, A36, Grade 36, Grade 40, Grade42, Grade 50, Grade 55, Grade 60, Grade 65, Grade 80
4)JIS: SS330, SPHC, SS400, SPFC, SPHD, SPHE
PRODUCT DETAILS
| AISI/SAE
1018 Round Steel Bar Description |
| 1018
cold rolled steel bar is made of a general-purpose, low-carbon steel with
good case hardening qualities. It is especially suited to cold
forming and bending operations. 1018 steel is suitable for parts
that require cold forming such as crimping, swaging, or bending. 1018 steel is mild steel with
medium-low carbon content. AISI 1018 carbon steel is a free machining grade
that is the most commonly available grade around the world. Although its
mechanical properties are not very unique, it still can be easily formed, machined,
welded and fabricated. |
| Product Parameters |
| Product Name | AISI/SAE 1018 Round Steel Bar |
| Standard | EN/DIN/JIS/ASTM/BS/ASME/AISI, etc. |
| Common
Round Bar Specifications | 3.0-50.8 mm, Over 50.8-300mm |
| Flat
Steel Common Specifications | 6.35x12.7mm, 6.35x25.4mm, 12.7x25.4mm |
| Hexagon
Bar Common Specifications | AF5.8mm-17mm |
| Square
Bar Common Specifications | AF2mm-14mm, AF6.35mm, 9.5mm, 12.7mm, 15.98mm, 19.0mm, 25.4mm |
| Length | 1-6meters, Size Accept Custom |
| Diameter(mm) | Hot Rolling
Round Bar | 25-600 | Cold
Rolling Square Bar | 6-50.8 |
| Hot Rolling Square Bar | 21-54 | Cold
Rolling Hexagon Bar | 9.5-65 |
| Cold Rolling Round bar | 6-101.6 | Forged Rebar | 200-1000 |
| Surface Process | Bright, Polished, Black |
| Other
Services | Machining(cnc), Centerless Grinding(cg), Heat
Treatment, Annealing, Pickling, Polishing, Rolling, Forging, Cutting,
Bending, Small Machining, etc. |
| Chemical Composition |
| Carbon Steel | C | Fe | Mn | P | S |
| 1018 | 0.14-0.20% | 98.81-99.26% | 0.60-0.90% | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| Mechanical Properties |
| Tensile
Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation % | Hardness(Brinell) | Hardness(Rockwell B) |
| 440MPa | 370MPa | 22 | 126 | 71 |
| Scope of
Application |
| Carburized
parts, including worms, gears, pins, pins, tools and non-critical parts of
mold sets; tool brackets, pinions, mechanical parts, ratchets, positioning
pins and chain pins. |